first ruc officer killed in the troubles

First RUC Officer Killed Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. On 29 April 1922, King George V granted to the force the name Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). that 50% of all new recruits had to be from the Catholic community for the first 10 years of its . The two highest-ranking RUC officers to be killed during "the Troubles" were Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Superintendent Robert Buchanan, who were ambushed by the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade outside Jonesborough, County Armagh, on 20 March 1989. In his study, From Civil Rights to Armalites, nationalist author Niall Dochartaigh argues that the actions of the RUC and USC were the key factor in the worsening of the conflict. It found that USC officers had, on occasion, sided with loyalists mobs. The civil rights protests during the 1960s, and the reaction to them, marked the beginning of the conflict that became known as "the Troubles". He called in with my other sister, I lived in Omagh.". Content copyright Journal Media Ltd. 2023 Registered in Dublin, registration number: The Police Ombudsman carried out an investigation into the deaths which in 2018 resulted in two former RUC officers being reported to the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) over the deaths of Patrick Rooney and Hugh McCabe. The man suffered a broken cheek bone and needed stitches for the knife wound. In support of the Bogsiders, nationalists and Catholics launched protests elsewhere in Northern Ireland. The events of August 1969 are widely seen as the beginning of the thirty-year conflict known as the Troubles. Violence escalated sharply in Northern Ireland after these events, with the formation of new paramilitary groups on either side, most notably the Provisional Irish Republican Army in December of that year. The service was attended by a number of Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politicians including former Assembly speaker Lord Hay, East Londonderry MP Gregory Campbell and the Mayor of Derry Graham Warke. The youngest was 25-year-old Paul Gray, from Armagh, who was due to get married two months later. In support of the Bogsiders, nationalists and Catholics launched protests elsewhere in Northern Ireland. [11] Allegations regarding collusion prompted several inquiries, the most recent of which was authored by Police Ombudsman Nuala O'Loan in 2007. unless otherwise stated. He was foaled in Ireland and was a descendant of the undefeatedSt. Simon. [37], The IRA had little presence in Ardoyne and its defence was organised by a group of ex-servicemen armed with shotguns. In 1936 the police depot at Enniskillen was formally opened and an 800,000 scheme to create a network of 196 police barracks throughout Northern Ireland by rationalizing or repairing the 224 premises inherited from the RIC was underway. [10] In 2000, the RUC was awarded the George Cross for bravery. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)[n 1] was the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001. He was in great form. The eldest of the officers, Robert Lockhart (44), also from Armagh, was an even newer recruit, having joined in November. He was the first RUC officer to be killed in the Troubles. When nationalists elsewhere in Northern Ireland carried out such demonstrations, severe inter-communal violence erupted between Catholics, Protestants and the police. In May 1986, Sir John Hermon, then Chief Constable, publicly accused unionist politicians of "consorting with paramilitary elements". [16], In addition to the attacks on the RUC, the car dealership of Protestant Isaac Agnew, on the Falls Road, was destroyed. He had only joined the RUC eight months before. Shots were also heard in the area, as a crowd gathered following the attack. A BROTHER of the first child killed during the Troubles has told of his family's disappointment after a decision was taken not to prosecute anyone in . In 1939 the IRA launched its Sabotage Campaign in England, which would end a few days before the outbreak of the Second World War. The RUC did attract some Roman Catholics, mostly former members of the RIC, who came north from the Irish Free State after the bitterness of the fighting during the Anglo-Irish War largely precluded them from remaining in territory now controlled by their enemies. [18] At this stage, loyalist crowds gathered on the Shankill Road but did not join in the fighting.[19]. [44], A loyalist sniper shot dead Gerald McAuley (15), a member of the Fianna (IRAs youth wing),[8] as he helped people flee their homes on Bombay Street. On leave. In August 1969, the nine-year-old was killed when the RUC fired into his home during rioting in Belfast, the first of at least 186 children to die in what would become known as the Troubles in . advertising. for the content of external websites. Protestant The most bloody rioting was in Belfast, where seven people were killed and hundreds more wounded. Unlike police elsewhere in the United Kingdom, RIC constables were routinely armed (including with carbines) and billeted in barracks, and the force had a militaristic structure. The Scarman Inquiry found that the RUC were seriously at fault on at least six occasions during the rioting. Killed by: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Died three months after being badly beaten in his home, William Street, Bogside, Derry. John Bruton, then Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), said that he believed that Sinn Fin (SF) had satisfied the conditions of a commitment to exclusively peaceful means and thus all-party talks should begin. The RUC has been accused by republicans and Irish nationalists of one-sided policing and discrimination, as well ascollusionwithloyalistparamilitaries. The rioters contained a rowdy gang of loyalist football supporters who had returned from a match. Fighting broke out between the rival factions at about 11:00 pm. There had been sporadic violence throughout the year arising from thecivil rightscampaign, which was demanding an end to discrimination againstIrish Catholics. The Ulster Special Constabulary,. In these circumstances no identified suspect was reported for a decision as to prosecution in this case.. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) was responsible for an enormous number of murders, bombings, shootings and incendiary fires. A wee factory was also set up in Leeson Street to make petrol bombs. The work of the police against them was, however, greatly hampered by the fact that the rough element on the Protestant side entered thoroughly into the disturbances, met murder with murder and adopted in many respects the tactics of the rebel gunmen. [23] They were confronted by nationalists, who had hastily blocked their streets with barricades. Most notable of these incidents were the McMahon killings on 26 March 1922, in which six Catholics were killed; and the Arnon Street killings several days later on 1 April 1922, in which six more Catholics were shot dead in retaliation for the IRA killing of a policeman. Some of these led to attacks by loyalists working alongside the police. Killed by:British Army (BA) O'Loan stated in her conclusions that there was no reason to believe the findings of the investigation were isolated incidents. The allegations regarding collusion prompted several inquiries, the most recent of which was published byPolice OmbudsmanNuala OLoan. While the thousands of British Army troops sent to Northern Ireland were initially seen as a neutral force, they quickly got dragged into the street violence and by 1971 were devoting most of their attention to combatting republican paramilitaries. "Their contribution was courageous and commitment undoubted. Chichester-Clark, despite having resigned in protest over the introduction of universal suffrage in local government, announced that he would continue the reforms begun by ONeill. first ruc officer killed in the troubles. The modern peace line at Bombay Street in Belfast, seen from the Irish Catholic/nationalist side. Injured on 2nd August 1969. RUC ranks, duties, conditions of service and pay were generally in line with those of police forces in Great Britain. See here for history of Northern Ireland Troubles, This is simply the story of a boy trying to grow up, survive, thrive, have fun & discover himself against a backdrop of events that might best be described as explosive, captivating & shocking the world for thirty long years. ], James Prior, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that he would resign his post if the inquiry into the Maze prison escape on 25 September 1983 found that his policies had been responsible. He turned his back on the organisation in the late 1980s, and later co-authored a book calledKilling Ragedetailing his experiences within it. Eventually the harp and crown insignia of the Order of St Patrick, as worn by the RIC, was adopted. In December 1969, they broke away to form the Provisional IRA and vowed to defend areas from attack by loyalists and the RUC. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) described an attack on a Catholic man (22) as attempted murder. This would remain the lowest year for deaths untiltwenty years later in 1999 when there were only 8 deaths . The third Stevens Inquiry began in 1999, and referred to his previous reports when making his recommendations. 2023 BBC. In a report released on 22 January 2007, the Police Ombudsman Dame Nuala O'Loan stated Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) informers committed serious crimes, including murder, with the full knowledge of their handlers. In September 1983, four officers were charged with murder in connection with the deaths. The last RUC officer killed, Constable Francis O'Reilly (a Catholic), was also killed by loyalists, in a September 1998 bombing during the Drumcree conflict. Killed by:Red Hand Defenders (RHD) It was a quasi-military police force. Northern Irelands first civil rights march was held. The Police Federation of Northern Ireland launched a petition to defend the RUC from the proposal in the Patten report. A total of 300 RUC officers have been murdered during the Troubles. Tipperary Tim(foaled 1918) was an IrishThoroughbredracehorse that won the1928 Grand National. The polarised political climate in Northern Ireland resulted in violence from both sides of the political and sectarian divide. At the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth, John Major, then British Prime Minister, told delegates that the IRA would not bomb its way into the Stormont talks. and indemnify Journal Media in relation to such content and their ability to make such content, Cookies are small text files that can be used by websites to make a user's experience more efficient. Con Rooney. [40] At 12:25 that afternoon, the Northern Ireland cabinet finally sent a request for military aid to the Home Office in London. I thought out of all the men in the police force why did it have to be Victor? The house attacked was the one closest to the dividing line between Catholics and Protestants living in that part of north Belfast. In 1942 the islanders of Malta won the medal for their bravery during the war. Many officers have been ostracised by their own community and others have been forced to leave their homes in the face of threats to them and their families. He was injured on 19 April 1969. It was followed by all too many more days of tragedy. The medal is awarded "only for the acts of the greatest heroism or of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger". A Catholic, Samuel Devenny was severely beaten by the RUC and later died of his injuries. Status: Irish Republican Army Youth Section (IRAF). The security forces were implicated in reprisal killings of Catholics but no convictions ever rendered. However, it was very badly prepared to defend nationalist areas of Belfast, having few weapons or fighters on the ground. In the rest of the United Kingdom, only some police officers carry firearms; that duty is instead carried out by specially-trained firearms officers. However, the Scarman Report concluded that, Undoubtedly mistakes were made and certain individual officers acted wrongly on occasions. In April 1923 he spoke at its first reunion. Email RUC officers will not face prosecution over case of first child killed in the Troubles. 9 July 1986 - Carl Davies (24) and Mitchell Robert Bertram (20), both members of the British Army, were killed by an IRA remote-controlled bomb hidden in a car and trailer which was detonated when their foot patrol passed near Crossmaglen. [8][38], The morning of 15 August saw many Catholic families in central Belfast flee to Andersonstown on the western fringes of the city, to escape the rioting. News images provided by Press Association How many RUC officers were killed in the Troubles? [24] The RUC concentrated their efforts on the nationalist rioters, who they scattered with armoured cars. Due to the threat from the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), who saw the RUC as enforcing British rule, the force was heavily armed and militarised. Helsinki Watch heard dozens of stories from children, their parents, lawyers, youth workers and political leaders of children being stopped on the street and hit, kicked and abused again and again by police and soldiers. [citation needed], Policing Northern Ireland's divided society proved to be difficult, as each of the main religious blocs (Protestant and Roman Catholic) had different attitudes towards the institutions of the state. [6] During the Troubles, 319 RUC officers were killed and almost 9,000 injured in paramilitary assassinations or attacks, mostly by the IRA, which made the RUC the most dangerous police force in the world in which to serve by 1983. Arbuckle was the first police fatality of the Troubles. [55], The chief officer of the Royal Irish Constabulary was its Inspector-General (the last of whom, Sir Thomas J. Smith served from 11 March 1920 until partition in 1922). The severe pressure on the RUC and the perceived partiality of the B-Specials led, during the Northern Ireland riots of August 1969, to the British Army being called in to support the civil administration under Operation Banner. services and For more information on cookies please refer to our cookies [30], In response to the RUC coming under fire at Divis Street, three Shorland armoured cars were called to the scene. [51] The Irish Defence Forces set up refugee camps in the Republic at one point the Gormanston refugee camp held 6000 refugees from Northern Ireland.[51]. And northern nationalists, although they had a roof over their heads, seemed to us as if they meant to burn the house down[35]. Victor Arbuckle (aged 29), a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was shot dead by Loyalists during street disturbances on the Shankill Road in Belfast. Con David Montgomery, 20, and Sgt Peter Gilgunn, 26, were killed in an IRA gun attack. "The night he was shot, I got the news, I couldn't believe it. Video1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. It was the highest death toll inflicted on the RUC in its entire history. The RUC has been accused by republicans and Irish nationalists of one-sided policing and discrimination, as well ascollusionwithloyalistparamilitaries. Porter replied that this was impossible as, the whole town is in rebellion. Statistical breakdown of deaths in the Troubles of Northern Ireland 1969 2001, Irish National Liberation Army ( I.N.L.A), Irish Republican Army. Sinn Fin (SF) blamed the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) for the attack. [49] This perception discredited the police in the eyes of many nationalists and later allowed the IRA to effectively take over policing in nationalist areas. Catholics were convinced that they were about to become victims of a Protestant pogrom; Protestants that they were on the eve of an IRA insurrection. They knew that if the men werent there, the area wouldnt have been defended.[54], At the time, the IRA released a statement on 18 August, saying, it had been, in action in Belfast and Derry and fully equipped units had been sent to the border. Totally distrusted by the Catholics, who saw them as the strong arm of the Protestant ascendancy, they could not show themselves in a Catholic area without heightening tension. and RollingNews.ie unless otherwise stated. In August 1970, two young constables, Donaldson and Millar, died when an abandoned car they were examining near the strongly republican town of Crossmaglen exploded. Witnesses later said they had seen police batoning a figure in the doorway where McCloskey was found, although police claimed that he had been unconscious before the baton charge and may have been hit with a stone. The report identified police, CID and Special Branch collusion with loyalist terrorists under 31 separate headings, in her report on the murder of Raymond McCord and other matters, but no member of the RUC has been charged or convicted of any criminal acts as a result of these inquiries. [42], A small IRA party under Billy McKee was present and had two .22 rifles at their disposal. [31], At about 01:00, not long after the shooting of Patrick Rooney, the RUC again opened fire on Divis Tower. [35] An RUC Shorland then arrived and opened fire on the school. The actions of the RUC in the August 1969 riots are perhaps the most contentious issue arising out of the disturbances. Remembering all innocent victims of the Troubles, Today is the anniversary ofthe death of the following people killed as a results of the conflict in Northern Ireland, To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die. Thomas Campbell, To the innocent on the list Your memory will live forever. Stephen White, chairman of the RUC George Cross Foundation, said the scale of the loss of life to come was unimaginable. There were two officers killed in the 1930s, four in the 1940s and four between 1956 and 1962. Catholic At the time it was one of the biggest cortges ever seen in that part of of the city. [17], On the evening of 11 August a riot erupted in Dungannon after a meeting of the NICRA. In the period from the formation of the RUC up to 1969, an additional 70 officers. 14 August 1969 John Gallagher, (30) Catholic Status: Civilian (Civ), Killed by: Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) These had been hastily blocked by nationalist barricades. In relation to those other officers who were involved in the relevant events, it was concluded that the available evidence provided no prospect of the test for prosecution being met for any offence in connection with this death. "Because in the past there had been sporadic violence where those killed were less than the fingers of one hand, I suspect no one would have ever guessed the Troubles would last over 30 years and more than 300 officers would be killed and thousands more injured. OmbudsmanDame Nuala OLoanstated in her conclusions that there was no reason to believe the findings of the investigation were isolated incidents. Noel Webb (30) had joined the RUC 13 months earlier, while 28-year-old Richard Baird, a father-of-two had been serving for three years. [2], From the beginning the RUC had a dual role, unique among British police forces, of providing a normal law enforcement service while enforcing the new Northern Ireland entity in the face of considerable opposition, both armed and unarmed. "My father was an RUC man who served from 1969," the former PSNI assistant chief constable said. Since 1964, civil rights activists had been protesting against the discrimination against Catholics and Irish nationalists by the Ulster Protestant and unionist government of Northern Ireland. Ombudsman, and our staff operate within the Code of Practice. In December 1997, The Independent (London) published a leaked internal RUC document which reported that a third of all Catholic RUC officers had reported suffering religious discrimination and/or harassment from Protestant fellow officers. 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