laos capital

The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . Asia. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Tuy nhin, cng ty ch giao dch c 216.678 c phiu theo phng thc tha thun do cha t k vng v gi. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. Capital: Vientiane. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. All these changes were partly due to the inflow of foreign capital into the Lao economy in the form of direct investment. In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas. Population 6.7 million. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. The Pha That Luang Temple in Vientiane, Laos. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. A coup d'tat in 1960 in the Lao capital, Vientiane, deepened the country's political instability. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. Other Buddhist holy places are Wat Ong . 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . Calculating U.S. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. Jaew. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. The Lao Securities Exchange (LSX) began operations in 2011 with two stocks listed, both state-owned - the Banque Pour l'CommerceExterieur (BCEL), and the power generation arm of . [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. Updated on November 19, 2021. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. The main investor is Thailand. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. . Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. 15. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Pakse. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. Its international borders were closed except to trucks carrying goods and in cases allowed by the nation's COVID . "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. "Muay" comes from the Sanskrit term meaning "to box" but is generally used to describe the unarmed martial art found throughout Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. Supply of foreign exchange has in the past been limited in Laos, which imposed a de facto limit on repatriation of capital. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Most of the population (63%) resides within . Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. What Is the Capital of Laos? "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . 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