why did ray charles limp

During Aretha's childhood, her mother died. Two dynamic women, two radically different approaches to his sightlessnessyou can imagine the impact on his character. He is regarded as one of the most iconic and influential singers in history, and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Genius". In 2003, Charles performed "Georgia on My Mind" and "America the Beautiful" at a televised annual banquet of electronic media journalists held in Washington, D.C. His final public appearance was on April 30, 2004, at the dedication of his music studio as a historic landmark in Los Angeles.[20]. 1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. Related Topics . Its easier to bone the Presidents wife than to get a movie made. He lost his eyesight when he was seven years old. In real life, David is a soft-spoken, gentle man of few words. It happened when Ray was 15, living at a school for the blind 160 miles from home. [52], Also in 2003, Charles presented Van Morrison with Morrison's award upon being inducted in the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the two sang Morrison's song "Crazy Love" (the performance appears on Morrison's 2007 album The Best of Van Morrison Volume 3). 7. The paradoxical strands of his life are tied up into a neat package, honoring the hackneyed biopic formula with a leave-em-smiling Hollywood ending. Both were brought up on bebop. Charles was born in Albany, Georgia, on September 23, 1930, and was raised in Greenville, Florida. [84] On December 7, 2007, Ray Charles Plaza was opened in Albany, Georgia, with a revolving, lighted bronze sculpture of Charles seated at a piano. [26][28] There he met and befriended, under the tutelage of Robert Blackwell, the 15-year-old Quincy Jones. [111] He was interred in the Inglewood Park Cemetery. [62] His version of "Georgia on My Mind" was also made the official state song of the state of Georgia. The number of blind and visually impaired Americans greatly varied across race and economic class. That is very common with blind people. [95] His long-term girlfriend and partner at the time of his death was Norma Pinella. Ray Charles became blind at age 9, two years after witnessing the drowning death of his little brother. Ray ignores this phenomenon completely. Charles Wayne Hendricks was born on October 1, 1959, and is the son of Ray Charles and Margie Hendricks. Foxx won the 2005 Academy Award for Best Actor for the role. [73] It was one of the first Doodles for ones birthday. [87], Recipients of donations include Benedict College, Morehouse College, and other universities. King, Van Morrison, Willie Nelson, James Taylor, Gladys Knight, Michael McDonald, Natalie Cole, Elton John, Bonnie Raitt, Diana Krall, Norah Jones and Johnny Mathis. An orphan by his early teens, Ray joined a country band at age 16 called The Florida Playboys. Jamie Foxx played Charles in a 2005 biopic about his life and career. The school was strictly segregated, dividing males and females as well as African Americans and whites. Her father could not keep her. In his early years, Charles showed an interest in mechanical objects and would often watch his neighbors working on their cars and farm machinery. Throughout his life Charles had many relationships with women with whom he fathered a dozen children. He recorded a song for a Japanese TV advertisement called ItnoEllie in 1989, which he covered with the Southern All Stars. It was "Georgia on My Mind", Ray Charles's version. The Rockford Files - Complete Series (Blu-ray) - Blu-ray (2017) for $87.10 from OLDIES.com Television - Order by Phone 1-800-336-4627 List of The Rockford Files episodes - Wikipedia The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between , and , and has remained in . [PDF] Why did ray charles walk with a limp; 7 7.Disabled Musicians of Classic Rock Ray Charles was an American composer, pianist, and singer. Ray Charles died in at the age of Ray Charles. He combined elements of jazz, gospel, and rhythm-and-blues to create a new kind of African American music known as soul. "My obsession centers on womendid then [when young] and does now. The reason everybody who knew kept it a secret was the money nobody wanted to stop that money train. . [13][18], Charles started to lose his sight at the age of four[6] or five,[19] and was blind by the age of seven, likely as a result of glaucoma. In 1962, he founded his record label, Tangerine, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed. Take David Fathead Newman, the saxophonist who, for over a decade, was Rays closest musical and personal peer. [29], With Charles on piano, McKee on guitar, and Milton Garred on bass, the McSon Trio (named for McKee and Robinson) started playing the 15 A.M. shift at the Rocking Chair. Ray, the new biopic directed by Taylor Hackford, satisfies in some wonderful ways: Jamie Foxx miraculously embodies Rays soul; Rays own musical voice sounds bigger and better than ever; and several of the supporting performancesSharon Warren as Rays mom and Regina King as Margie Hendricksare heartfelt and powerful. [50] In the same year he was a special guest at the Arena di Verona during the tour promoting Oro Incenso & Birra of the Italian singer Zucchero Fornaciari. Charles did, however, seem to believe that his disability exempted him from income taxes, a belief that caused him a great deal of trouble with the IRS. Charles affirmed, Now its important that you understand that there were three things I never wanted to own when I was a kid: a dog, a cane, and a guitar. Married. [89] The foundation houses its executive offices at the historic RPM International Building, originally the home of Ray Charles Enterprises and now also home to the Ray Charles Memorial Library on the first floor, which was founded on September 23, 2010 (what would have been his 80th birthday). His first marriage lasted less than a year, his second 22 years. These witnesses included William Withers, Sheldon P. McIntyre, John Downing Jr, Dr. Charles Sabin Taft, and Major General B.F. Butler and Samuel Koontz, who was mentioned above. Throughout the mid-19th century and continuing well into the 20th century, medical treatment and information were not equally available to Americans. Once the. The producers of Ray make much of the fact that Ray himself endorsed the movie. He never expected his brothers death to have an impact on him in the future. Perhaps thats in part because he disregarded his own disability; he stalwartly refused to let it limit him. He was a raging bull. After her 6-year-old son went blind, Aretha fostered his independence, while Mary Jane indulged him. [49], In April 1979, his version of "Georgia on My Mind" was proclaimed the state song of Georgia, and an emotional Charles performed the song on the floor of the state legislature. Shaw, who played crime boss Doyle Lonnegan in the film, hurt his leg playing racquetball two days before shooting began. You can learn more below about how glaucoma affects eyesight, how Ray Charles . Start Making Sweet Music With A Soprano Ukulele! In 1989, he recorded a cover of the Southern All Stars' "Itoshi no Ellie" for a Japanese TV advertisement for the Suntory brand, releasing it in Japan as "Ellie My Love", where it reached No. Charles claimed the composition. Often called the "Father of Soul," he combined jazz, blues, and gospel to create groundbreaking hits like "Unchain my Heart," "Georgia on my Mind," and "Hit the Road Jack.". Ray Charles Robinson, a talented musician, singer and composer, was one of the first African American artists to merge the blues with gospel to pave the way for rhythm and blues (R&B) music. [30] Publicity photos of this trio are some of the earliest known photographs of Charles. The other headliners were Little Willie John, Sam Cooke, Ernie Freeman, and Bo Rhambo. Many people do not understand why people . At least 20 record labels have released near-identical compilations of Charles' pre-Atlantic Records tracks, while many of the masters that Charles began to own after 1960 were not digitally reissued, leading the Atlantic sister label Rhino Entertainment to focus on rereleasing his mid-to-late 1950s music. [63], In 1981, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was one of the first inductees to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame at its inaugural ceremony, in 1986. As part of his therapy when he quit heroin, he met with psychiatrist Friedrich Hacker[de], who taught him how to play chess, three times a week. Charles pioneered the soul music genre during the 1950s by combining blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles into the music he recorded for Atlantic. Ray Charles was able to overcome his disability by utilizing his other senses and memory. He later became addicted to heroin for seventeen years. Director Hill decided to work with it and . [100] Charles, then 31, said he had been a drug addict since the age of 16. [26], Charles had always played piano for other people, but he was keen to have his own band. [45] He agreed to go to a rehabilitative facility to avoid jail time and eventually kicked his habit at a clinic in Los Angeles. Most of his recordings between 1968 and 1973 evoked strong reactions: either adored or panned by fans and critics alike. His first marriage lasted only a year and is not even mentioned in the biographical movie "Ray." [20] Destitute, uneducated, and mourning the loss of her younger son, Aretha Robinson used her connections in the local community to find a school that would accept a blind African-American pupil. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Mastering The Art Of Strumming A Ukulele With Your Thumb, Why The Ukulele Has Become A Staple In Advertising: Exploring The Unique Sound Of This Beloved Instrument, Exploring The Effects Of Paint On Kalimbas: Tips And Tricks For Crafting The Perfect Sound. During the ensuing scandal, she left Greenville late in the summer of 1930 to be with family back in Albany. Charles was skilled at showmanship; his live performances always brought out the best in him. Intriguingly, gamma rays can be so powerful that they can actually create matter. Thats certainly true. He contributed to the integra. Charles was blinded during childhood, possibly due to glaucoma. Get Help for Heroin Addiction Now Although Ray Charles was addicted to heroin, he was eventually able to kick his habit. In Ray (2004), Jamie Foxx had to have his eyes glued shut with silicone underneath prosthetic eyelids for up to 14 hours per day in order to convincingly play the eponymous rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles. Ray Charles is considered a legend for many reasons. In November 1977 he appeared as the host of the NBC television show Saturday Night Live. due to unstability What did Charles Darwin and Charles Dickins and Charles Lindbergh have in common? American singer and pianist Ray Charles's childhood left him with a permanent loss that would decades later become a trademark of a global icon. While Charles was given an elementary school education, the African American children Were also required to learn practical skills that would help support the school. [64] He also received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986. Charles and his mother were always welcome at the Red Wing Cafe and even lived there when they were in financial distress. [32][33] His first recording session for Atlantic ("The Midnight Hour"/"Roll with My Baby") took place in September 1952, although his last Swing Time release ("Misery in My Heart"/"The Snow Is Falling") would not appear until February 1953. [36] He obtained a more liberal contract than other artists had at the time, with ABC offering him a $50,000 (US$464,783 in 2021 dollars[22]) annual advance, higher royalties than before, and eventual ownership of his master tapesa very valuable and lucrative deal at the time. Among the most colorful characters in the colorful history of the music business, they are reduced to stereotypes. In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. I cant ask for anything more.. Charles's renewed chart success, however, proved to be short lived, and by the 1970s his music was rarely played on radio stations. Im not sure how many people knew that he could see perfectly, but it wasnt long before Ray realized that being blind had its advantages at least when the blindness wasnt real, continued Cindy Charles. In 1980 Charles performed in the musical film The Blues Brothers. The musician had long been an admirer of country music, but in 1962, he became a genre pioneer. Frank Sinatra called Ray Charles "the only true genius in show business," although Charles downplayed this notion. [12], Charles cited Nat King Cole as a primary influence, but his music was also influenced by Louis Jordan and Charles Brown. His first four recordings"Wondering and Wondering", "Walking and Talking", "Why Did You Go?" Charles further developed his musical talent at school[20] and was taught to play the classical piano music of Bach, Mozart and Beethoven. In addition to being a musician, Charles was also a record producer, producing Guitar Slim's number 1 hit, "The Things That I Used to Do". Christgau has called Charles' discography a "monumental mess" and that "any map of his oeuvre must be personal and provisional". Petersburg. So I say God bless these cats. I didnt know Ray when he was a child, but I can tell you what he told me, said Cindy Charles. Many doctors believed that he had suffered from childhood glaucoma that resulted in him becoming blind. [38], With "Georgia on My Mind", his first hit single for ABC-Paramount in 1960, Charles received national acclaim and four Grammy Awards, including two for "Georgia on My Mind" (Best Vocal Performance Single Record or Track, Male, and Best Performance by a Pop Single Artist). [96], Charles fathered a total of 12 children with ten different women:[97], Charles held a family luncheon for his 12 children in 2002, ten of whom attended. The problem, though, is that Ray is a saccharine movie while Ray himself was anything but a saccharine man. Ray Charles had everything against him and could have given up before he even began. Its my pleasure to share my musical knowledge with the outer world. When Charles returned to court, he received a five-year suspended sentence, four years of probation, and a fine of $10,000. In falsetto he continues up to E and F above high C. On one extraordinary record, 'I'm Going Down to the River'he hits an incredible B flatgiving him an overall range, including the falsetto extension, of at least three octaves. "[106] In a 1991 concert, he referred to Willie Nelson as "my chess partner". !, Go Ask Allison: My Mother-in-Law Tried To Sleep With My Father At My Wedding. He later defended his choice of performing there, insisting that the audience of black and white fans would integrate while he was there.[20]. For days I couldnt talk, think, sleep or eat. [26] While still working at the Rocking Chair, Charles also arranged songs for other artists, including Cole Porter's "Ghost of a Chance" and Dizzy Gillespie's "Emanon". He received a number of awards, accolades and was the first to barter musical deals that were unheard of at the time. In 1977, he reunited with Ahmet Ertegun and re-signed to Atlantic Records, for which he recorded the album True to Life, remaining with his old label until 1980. Prince Akoenyenu. [51], In 2003, he headlined the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in Washington, D.C., attended by President George W. Bush, Laura Bush, Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice. If Fathead is painfully misrepresented, Ahmet Ertegun and Jerry Wexler, owners of Atlantic Records, suffer a similar fate. Ray Charles is a master of sounds. Furthermore, he has learned how to fly a plane and how to ride a bike. Advertisement Ray was born in Albany, Georgia, but he died in Beverly Hills, California, at the age of 73. The cause of his blindness was believed to be glaucoma. In 2010, a $20 million, 76,000sqft (7,100m2) facility named the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center and Music Academic Building, opened at Morehouse. At the school, Charles not only learned braille and sign language as a means of communicating with the deaf children, but also braille music. The African American children were given cast-off supplies from their white sister school, including not only worn furniture, leftover food, and chipped tableware, but also braille books with dots so faded that they were hard to distinguish. However, the label had now begun to focus on rock acts, and some of their prominent soul artists, such as Aretha Franklin, were starting to be neglected. While Charles was an unquestioned musical success, he was also a long-term drug user. Ray Charles came from Albany, Georgia. Later, no one could remember who George's father was.[13]. Stone later helped Jerry Wexler find Charles in St. Charles died on June 10, 2004 in Beverly Hills, California, as a result of liver failure. 5, and "Kissa Me Baby" (1952), which reached No. His first marriage to Eileen Williams lasted from July 31, 1951, until 1952. His marriage to Della ended in a difficult divorce in 1976. Rays brother, George, drowned at the age of four in his mothers laundry tub. Their married life was going well at the beginning by raising their three children together. For other uses, see, 19451952: Florida, Los Angeles, and Seattle, "Applause! The album included the hit single Ive Got a Woman, which established Charles as a mainstream artist. 2, White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3612316/plotsummary, "Ray Charles Saxophone Solo Transcription with Big Band 1963 - Untitled Instrumental (Alto Saxophone)", "Ray Charles - Instrumentals Album Reviews, Songs & More | AllMusic", "Ray Charles, American Legend, Dies at 73", "Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy, Jr. & More to Be Inducted at 2022 Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame", Remembering Ray Charles' Northeast Florida Roots - The Coastal, "Charlie Brantley and His Original Honey Dippers", "The Story of Atlantic Records: Ahmet Ertegun in His Own Words", "Ray Charles, Bluesy Essence of Soul, Is Dead at 73", The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 44) "Georgia on My Mind", "29 Black Music Milestones: Ray Charles' 'Georgia' Becomes State Song", "Saving Ray Charles - Super Lawyers Massachusetts", "The Brill Building, Broadway, and Beyond: R&B and Soul Singer-songwriter Joshie Armstead", "List of Best-Selling International Singles in Japan of 1989", "2003 White House Correspondents' Dinner Entertainment", "Ray Charles, Who Reshaped American Music, Dies at 73", "A Chat With Steve Winwood: June 10, 2005", "Roger Waters, Cinar Oskay roportaji: 'Muziginizin hatirlanmasi sizin icin onemli mi? Ray Charles broke down many barriers both as a musician and an African American. Before Charles was even born, many blind African American musicians established national reputations, including pianists Blind Tom Wiggins and singer-guitarist Blind Lemon Jefferson. Rap, hip-hop, and free music downloads stopped putting food on the table ages ago. Born into an impoverished family, Ray Charles had to cope with his brother's death by drowning: a terrible shock that irreparably affected his eyesight, leaving him blind by the age of seven. [13]:248 [26]:21316 He had major pop hits in 1963 with "Busted" (US No. Charles himself was not born blind, but slowly started losing his vision at the age of four, due to what was later diagnosed as glaucoma. And while Hackford features a great number of Rays hits, he ignores the jazz side of Rays musical makeup. As many African Americans were living in insufficient conditions, there were a significant number of blind African Americans during this period. [66], Founded in 1986, the Ray Charles Foundation maintains the mission statement of financially supporting institutions and organizations in the research of hearing disorders. Charles Wayne Hendricks' father is Ray Charles. George accidentally drowned in his mother's laundry tub when he was four years old. Columbia Records and the Ray Charles estate deny all accusations made by Cindy Charles. She was the second wife of Ray . "[71], In 2003, Charles was awarded an honorary degree by Dillard University, and upon his death he endowed a professorship of African-American culinary history at the school, the first such chair in the nation.[72]. Ray Charles was a pianist, composer, singer and bandleader described as "a pioneer of soul music" by biographers. Charles was a master of showmanship, and his live performances always left a mark. Prince holds BA In Communication Studies from the Ghana Institute Of . and "I Found My Baby There"were allegedly done in Tampa, although some discographies claim he recorded them in Miami in 1951 or else Los Angeles in 1952. In 1975, Ray Charles was inducted into the American Academy of Achievement and presented with the Golden Plate Award and the Academy of Achievement gold medal. The 1962 album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music[43] and its sequel, Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. Go Ask Allison: My Grandma Bought Me Fake Diamonds What A B****! When Louis Braille first invented the system of raised dots that could be read by fingertip in 1824, he soon later devised braille music. Charles pioneered the soul . Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930, in Albany, Georgia. At age 5, Ray helplessly watched his younger brother, George, drown. [37] During his Atlantic years, Charles had been hailed for his inventive compositions, but by the time of the release of the largely instrumental jazz album Genius + Soul = Jazz (1960) for ABC's subsidiary label Impulse!, he had given up on writing in favor of becoming a cover artist, giving his own eclectic arrangements of existing songs. He was a student at a school for the deaf and blind in St. Augustine from 1937 to 1965. By his first birthday, Charles had a brother, George. Ray Charles was blind. ReganShrummis an intern in the Division of Culture and the Arts at the National Museum of American History. Ray Charles has written: 'Genius - a night for Ray Charles '. Because he did not have shoes, the other . His foundation provided cochlear implants for low-income patients as well as funding towards research for hearing improvements. However, music and sounds were always Ray Charles ' refuge--the loss of his mother motivated Ray to fight for his dream. During the 1960s, he moved into the country music scene by spinning soul versions of Hank Williams and Eddy Arnold songs. In 2003, Charles had successful hip replacement surgery and was planning to go back on tour, until he began having other ailments. Charles was often criticized for his version of "America the Beautiful" because it was very drastically changed from the song's original version. However, the word blind functioned as a professional nickname used to market and exploit their disability. He played the piano for bands at the Ritz Theatre in LaVilla for over a year,[21] earning $4 a night (US$41, in 2021 value[22]). In 1979, the State of Georgia designated Ray Charles' version the official state song. [11] Rolling Stone ranked Charles No. [53], Pleasants continues, "Ray Charles is usually described as a baritone, and his speaking voice would suggest as much, as would the difficulty he experiences in reaching and sustaining the baritone's high E and F in a popular ballad. He hired a female singing group, the Cookies, and renamed them the Raelettes. Charles said he wrote it spontaneously while he was performing in clubs with his band. [66], In 1990, he was given an honorary doctorate of fine arts by the University of South Florida.[67]. [58] According to Joe Levy, a music editor for Rolling Stone, "The hit records he made for Atlantic in the mid-1950s mapped out everything that would happen to rock 'n' roll and soul music in the years that followed". Written by Stuart Gorrell and Hoagy Carmichael, the song was Charles' first work with Sid Feller, who produced, arranged and conducted the recording. In 1964, Charles's career was halted once more after he was arrested for a third time for possession of heroin. The star had 12 children from 10 different women and upon his death, they fought over his estate. He is regarded as one of the most iconic and influential singers in history, and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Genius". Charles was ranked tenth among the top ten greatest musicians in Rolling Stones 2004 list. In 1946, he moved to Seattle, where he joined a local band called the McSon Trio. While drugs were part of the bond between David and Ray, the key to their relationship was an extraordinary musical rapport. Its the death of my mother Aretha, he told me, that had me reeling. [36], Charles' contract with Atlantic expired in 1959, and several big labels offered him record deals. His distinctive voice and expressive piano playing drew attention to Charles. [25] After the success of his first two singles, Charles moved to Los Angeles in 1950 and spent the next few years touring with the blues musician Lowell Fulson as Fulson's musical director. Ray Charles was the only one who saw what happened to his brother. Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930, in Albany, Georgia. ", "Morehouse Gets $3 Million Gift from Ray Charles Foundation", "Ray Charles Foundation wants $3 million gift back from Albany State University - NY Daily News", "The daughter of Music Icon Ray Charles; Sheila Raye Charles succumbs to breast cancer", "Ray Charles' children battle over his legacy", "Singer Ray Charles Jailed on Dope Charge", "Ray Charles Nabbed On Dope Charge, Wants To 'Take Cure', "Ray Charles: Lessons From His Life & Death", "Chess News GM Larry Melvyn Evans (19322010)", "The Genius at Work: Ray Charles, A Critical Discography", Ray Charles autobiography: The Early Years 19301960, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&oldid=1142291295, Evelyn Robinson, born in 1949 (daughter with Louise Flowers), Ray Charles Robinson Jr., born May 25, 1955 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson), David Robinson, born in 1958 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson), Charles Wayne Hendricks, born on October 1, 1959 (son with Margie Hendricks, one of the Raelettes), Robert Robinson, born in 1960 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson), Renee Robinson, born in 1961 (daughter with Mae Mosely Lyles), Sheila Robinson, born in 1963 (daughter with Sandra Jean Betts), Alexandra Bertrand, born in 1968 (daughter with Mary-Chantal Bertrand), Vincent Kotchounian, born in 1977 (son with Arlette Kotchounian), Robyn Moffett, born in 1978 (daughter with Gloria Moffett), Ryan Corey Robinson den Bok, born in 1987 (son with Mary Anne den Bok), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:08. why did ray charles limp. Charles was credited with the early development of soul music, a style based on a melding of gospel, rhythm and blues, and jazz music. When he was six years old, he began to suffer from the eye disease glaucoma. [86] The purpose of the foundation has been "to administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes; to encourage, promote and educate, through grants to institutions and organizations, as to the causes and cures for diseases and disabilities of the hearing impaired and to assist organizations and institutions in their social educational and academic advancement of programs for the youth, and carry on other charitable and educational activities associated with these goals as allowed by law". Charles began to lose his sight when he was five, and later developed glaucoma. Ray tries to explain Rays bluesthe angst in his heartin heavy-handed Freudian terms. He mostly keeps a private life out of the public eye and very little is known about him. I knew my world had ended, he said. One. The African American musician Ray Charles was widely admired as a singer, pianist, and composer (writer of music). Once the guilt is lifted, the adult Ray is not only free from his heroin habit but is liberatedin a treacly flashbackfrom his emotional turmoil. What you couldnt see because of the dark glasses was that he was looking down to see what he was playing, said former manager Joe Goldsmith. Why did Ray Charles go blind? However, reading braille music posed difficulties, as Charles had to play the piano with his left-hand while reading with his right, and then switch positions to learn the keys on the other hand. A 1975 recording of Stevie Wonder's hit "Living for the City" later helped Charles win another Grammy. Ray Charles' brother, George, was one year younger than him. Ray Charles Robinson was born in nineteen thirty in Albany, Georgia. Ray Charles was nicknamed The Genius, not just for his great singing and piano playing, but for his producing, arranging and choice of songs.

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